Phonology:

 

Inventories:

 

 

 

Table of Consonants

Manner/Place

Bilabial

Labiodental

Alveolar

Palato-alveolar

Alveolo-palatal

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Nasal

m

 

n

 

 

ɲ

ŋ

 

Stop

p b

 

t d

 

 

 

k g

 

Affricate

 

 

ʦ ʣ

tʃ dʒ

ʨ ʥ

 

 

 

Fricative

 

f v

s z

ʃ ʒ

ɕ ʑ

 

x ɣ

h

Approximant

ʍ w

 

ɹ

 

 

j

 

 

Lateral approximant

 

 

l

 

 

ʎ

 

 

 

Table of Vowels

 

Front

Central

Back

High

i iː

 

u

High-mid

e

 

o

Mid

 

ə

 

Low

a

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consonant Inventory: /m n ɲ ŋ p b t d k g ts dz tʃ dʒ f v s z ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ x ɣ h ʍ w ɹ j l ʎ/ <m n ny p b t d k g pw bw tw dw kw gw ts dz ch dj f v s z sh zh ś ź kh gh h hw w r j l ll>

Vowel Inventory: /a e i iː ə o u/ <a e i ii é o u>

Diphthongs: /ai ei oi ui au ou/ <ai ei oi ui au ou>

 

Permissible Clusters: <hs pr pl br tr ty tl dr kr kl gr gl>

Initials: <m n ny p b t d k g pw bw tw dw kw gw ts dz ch dj f v s z sh zh ś ź h hw w r j l ll hs pr pl br tr ty tl dr kr kl gr gl>
Finals: <m n ny ng kh gh h>

Allophony (in order of application):

ʦ → s / _{i,iː,e,a,j}

v → f / _C

h → Ø / V_V

k → g / _#

ŋ → n / _i

p → b / V_V

j → ʝ / #_V

{p, t, k} → {ph th kh} / #_CV
h → ç / {i,j}

ʎ → l / i_

{i, e, a} → ə / _C#

{e, o} → {i, u} / {j, ʎ}_

{i, iː u} → {ĩ, ĩ ː,ũ} / _n

h → ʔ /{ə, u, o}_#

 

Syllable Structure: (C)(C)V(C)

Word Stress: Stress consists of dynamic accent. Monosyllables are generally unstressed. In multi-syllablic words, grammatical stress is always on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable. Vowels always keep their full quality, regardless of in whether a syllable is stressed or unstressed.