Phonology:
Inventories:
Table of Consonants
Manner/Place |
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Alveolar |
Palato-alveolar |
Alveolo-palatal |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal |
m |
|
n |
|
|
ɲ |
ŋ |
|
Stop |
p b |
|
t d |
|
|
|
k g |
|
Affricate |
|
|
ʦ ʣ |
tʃ dʒ |
ʨ ʥ |
|
|
|
Fricative |
|
f v |
s z |
ʃ ʒ |
ɕ ʑ |
|
x ɣ |
h |
Approximant |
ʍ w |
|
ɹ |
|
|
j |
|
|
Lateral approximant |
|
|
l |
|
|
ʎ |
|
|
Table of Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
---|---|---|---|
High |
i iː |
|
u |
High-mid |
e |
|
o |
Mid |
|
ə |
|
Low |
a |
|
|
Consonant Inventory: /m n ɲ ŋ p b t d k g ts dz tʃ dʒ f v s z ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ x ɣ h ʍ w ɹ j l ʎ/ <m n ny p b t d k g pw bw tw dw kw gw ts dz ch dj f v s z sh zh ś ź kh gh h hw w r j l ll>
Vowel Inventory: /a e i iː ə o u/ <a e i ii é o u>
Diphthongs: /ai ei oi ui au ou/ <ai ei oi ui au ou>
Permissible Clusters: <hs pr pl br tr ty tl dr kr kl gr gl>
Initials: <m n ny p b t d k g pw bw tw dw kw gw ts dz ch dj f v s z sh zh ś ź h hw w r j l ll hs pr pl br tr ty tl dr kr kl gr gl>
Finals: <m n ny ng kh gh h>
Allophony (in order of application):
ʦ → s / _{i,iː,e,a,j}
v → f / _C
h → Ø / V_V
k → g / _#
ŋ → n / _i
p → b / V_V
j → ʝ / #_V
{p, t, k} → {ph th kh} / #_CV
h → ç / {i,j}
ʎ → l / i_
{i, e, a} → ə / _C#
{e, o} → {i, u} / {j, ʎ}_
{i, iː u} → {ĩ, ĩ ː,ũ} / _n
h → ʔ /{ə, u, o}_#
Syllable Structure: (C)(C)V(C)
Word Stress: Stress consists of dynamic accent. Monosyllables are generally unstressed. In multi-syllablic words, grammatical stress is always on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable. Vowels always keep their full quality, regardless of in whether a syllable is stressed or unstressed.